{"id":53577,"date":"2023-10-14T20:08:53","date_gmt":"2023-10-14T16:08:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.armgeo.am\/scientific-studies-of-the-armenian-highland\/"},"modified":"2023-11-30T10:49:43","modified_gmt":"2023-11-30T06:49:43","slug":"scientific-studies-of-the-armenian-highland","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.armgeo.am\/en\/scientific-studies-of-the-armenian-highland\/","title":{"rendered":"Scientific Research of the Armenian Highland"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In the article <span style=\"color: #993300;\">\u201c<a style=\"color: #993300;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.armgeo.am\/en\/armenia-on-the-oldest-maps-of-the-world\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Armenia on ancient maps<\/a>\u201d<\/span> we\u2019ve already shown that this region has always been called Armenia, even when it was conquered by foreigners. Meanwhile, the term Armenia and its territory were not subjected to deep physical and geographical studies, and until the 18th century, many authors relied on information received from Strabo.<\/p>\n<h3>Armenia According to Strabo<\/h3>\n<p>According to Strabo, \u201cThe southern parts of Armenia have the Taurus situated in front of them, which separates it from the whole of the country between the Euphrates and the Tigris, the country called Mesopotamia; and the eastern parts border on Greater Armenia and Atropaten\u00ea; and on the north the mountains of Parachoathras that lie above the Caspian Sea, and Albania, and Iberia, and the Caucasus, which last encircles these nations and borders on Armenia, and borders also on the Moschian and Colchian mountains as far as the Tibarani, as they are called; and on the west are these nations and the mountains Paryadres and Scydises in their extent to Lesser Armenia and the river-land of the Euphrates, which latter separates Armenia from Cappadocia and Commagen\u00ea.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em>Strabo<\/em><\/p>\n<h3>Encyclopedia Britannica<\/h3>\n<p>According to many authors, including the British Encyclopedia, \u201cArmenia is a mountainous region that occupies about 400,000 square kilometers.\u201d Of course, the area of the Armenian state of Cilicia is not taken into account here.<\/p>\n<h3>The difference between the terms Armenia and the Armenian Highland<\/h3>\n<p>Before we start to study the <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><a style=\"color: #993300;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.armgeo.am\/en\/armenian_highland\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Armenian Highland<\/a><\/span>, we must clearly distinguish the Armenian Highland and Armenia. Do not confuse the concepts of Armenia, Armenian Highland, Historical Armenia, the Armenian World. The territory of the Armenian Highland coincides with the territory of the Greater and Lesser Armenia, which is why these two concepts are often identified. But we need to clearly distinguish between the terms Armenia and Armenian Highland. Highland is a physical geographical concept that basically coincides with the territory of Historical Armenia. The term Armenia has a political meaning and shows a specific area where the Armenian state now exists. The name Armenia is used both in a broad and in a narrower sense. In one case, saying Armenia, we mean the Republic of Armenia and Artsakh. In another case, when we talk about Armenia, we mean the historical and geographical territory where the Armenian people arose, formed and developed. The latter is more often used to describe Historical Armenia.<\/p>\n<h3>Geographical Studies of Armenia<\/h3>\n<p>Since the 18th century, the geographical studies of Armenia began with even greater interest. At the beginning of the century in the San Lazzaro island in Italy, the Mekhitarist Order founded by Mkhitar Sebastatsi begins to publish the works of outstanding geographers.<\/p>\n<p>In 1751, a map of Historical Armenia was published in Venice, according to the old and new cartographers and geographers. This map can be considered a replacement for the missing map in the &#8220;Geography&#8221; of Shirakatsi.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_52267\" style=\"width: 1210px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5%E2%80%A4-%D4%B1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D5%B5%D6%81-%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%81-%D5%A8%D5%BD%D5%BF-%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%B6-%D6%87-%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80-%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-52267\" class=\"wp-image-52267 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5%E2%80%A4-%D4%B1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D5%B5%D6%81-%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%81-%D5%A8%D5%BD%D5%BF-%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%B6-%D6%87-%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80-%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81.jpg?resize=1200%2C894&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Armenia in ancient maps\" width=\"1200\" height=\"894\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5%E2%80%A4-%D4%B1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D5%B5%D6%81-%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%81-%D5%A8%D5%BD%D5%BF-%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%B6-%D6%87-%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80-%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5%E2%80%A4-%D4%B1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D5%B5%D6%81-%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%81-%D5%A8%D5%BD%D5%BF-%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%B6-%D6%87-%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80-%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81.jpg?resize=300%2C224&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5%E2%80%A4-%D4%B1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D5%B5%D6%81-%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%81-%D5%A8%D5%BD%D5%BF-%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%B6-%D6%87-%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80-%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81.jpg?resize=1030%2C767&amp;ssl=1 1030w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5%E2%80%A4-%D4%B1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D5%B5%D6%81-%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%81-%D5%A8%D5%BD%D5%BF-%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%B6-%D6%87-%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80-%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81.jpg?resize=768%2C572&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5%E2%80%A4-%D4%B1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D5%B5%D6%81-%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%81-%D5%A8%D5%BD%D5%BF-%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%B6-%D6%87-%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80-%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81.jpg?resize=705%2C525&amp;ssl=1 705w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5%E2%80%A4-%D4%B1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D5%B5%D6%81-%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%81-%D5%A8%D5%BD%D5%BF-%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%B6-%D6%87-%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80-%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81.jpg?resize=450%2C335&amp;ssl=1 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-52267\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The map of Armenia according to old and new geographers<\/p><\/div>\n<p><em>Personal collection of Rouben Galichian<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Through the efforts of S. Agonts and Gh. Inchichyan a ten-volume work \u201cThe Geography of the Four Parts of the Earth\u201d (1802-1806) was published, which actually laid the foundation for the scientific research of the Armenian Highland.<\/p>\n<p>In 1822, Gh. Inchichyan&#8217;s work \u201cDescription of Ancient Armenia\u201d was published in Venice. Based on rich documentary materials collected from Greco-Roman and Assyrian sources, the author shows the historical and geographical picture of the Greater Armenia: a geographical description of regions and provinces, an etymology of toponyms, information about ethnography, topographic explanations of geographical names. The three-volume \u201cGeographical Antiquities of Armenia\u201d (1835) is the first large-scale work after the \u201cHistory of Armenia\u201d by Chamchian, in which the author tells in detail about geography, administrative division, laws, science and art, ethnography of ancient Armenia and a number of other issues.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_53116\" style=\"width: 1038px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Inchichian_Description_of_Ancient_Armenia_1822-1.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-53116\" class=\"wp-image-53116 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Inchichian_Description_of_Ancient_Armenia_1822-1.jpg?resize=1028%2C1619&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Description of Ancient Armenia\" width=\"1028\" height=\"1619\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Inchichian_Description_of_Ancient_Armenia_1822-1.jpg?w=1028&amp;ssl=1 1028w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Inchichian_Description_of_Ancient_Armenia_1822-1.jpg?resize=190%2C300&amp;ssl=1 190w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Inchichian_Description_of_Ancient_Armenia_1822-1.jpg?resize=654%2C1030&amp;ssl=1 654w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Inchichian_Description_of_Ancient_Armenia_1822-1.jpg?resize=768%2C1210&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Inchichian_Description_of_Ancient_Armenia_1822-1.jpg?resize=975%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 975w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Inchichian_Description_of_Ancient_Armenia_1822-1.jpg?resize=952%2C1500&amp;ssl=1 952w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Inchichian_Description_of_Ancient_Armenia_1822-1.jpg?resize=448%2C705&amp;ssl=1 448w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Inchichian_Description_of_Ancient_Armenia_1822-1.jpg?resize=450%2C709&amp;ssl=1 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1028px) 100vw, 1028px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-53116\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Description of Ancient Armenia, Gh. Inchichyan, 1822<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Based on the works of Gh. Inchichyan, in 1857 in Venice the books by Manuel Kajuni \u201cGeography of ancient and new Armenia\u201d were published, in which there is a section about the mountains of Armenia.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_53121\" style=\"width: 534px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/%D4%B1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6-%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%B6-%D6%87-%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80-%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%811857-%D5%A9%E2%80%A4-%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-53121\" class=\"wp-image-53121 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/%D4%B1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6-%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%B6-%D6%87-%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80-%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%811857-%D5%A9%E2%80%A4-%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF.jpg?resize=524%2C715&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Geography of ancient and new Armenia\" width=\"524\" height=\"715\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/%D4%B1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6-%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%B6-%D6%87-%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80-%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%811857-%D5%A9%E2%80%A4-%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF.jpg?w=524&amp;ssl=1 524w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/%D4%B1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6-%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%B6-%D6%87-%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80-%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%811857-%D5%A9%E2%80%A4-%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF.jpg?resize=220%2C300&amp;ssl=1 220w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/%D4%B1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6-%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%B6-%D6%87-%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80-%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%811857-%D5%A9%E2%80%A4-%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF.jpg?resize=517%2C705&amp;ssl=1 517w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/%D4%B1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6-%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%B6-%D6%87-%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80-%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%811857-%D5%A9%E2%80%A4-%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF.jpg?resize=450%2C614&amp;ssl=1 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 524px) 100vw, 524px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-53121\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Geography of ancient and new Armenia, Manuel Kajuni, 1857<\/p><\/div>\n<p>In 1864 the work of Nerses Sargisean \u201cTopography of Lesser and Greater Armenia\u201d was published.<\/p>\n<p>A classic of the geography of Armenia is Ghevont Alishan. In his work \u201cTopography of Greater Armenia\u201d, he described the provinces of Historical Armenia and gave them a scientific and geographical characteristic. Alishan was planning to write historical scientific works about all 15 regions of Historical Armenia which had to be placed in 20-22 volumes. The first work in the series was \u201cShirak\u201d (1881). Although he had never been to Armenia, he was able to present in detail the history and geography of this area. The next works were \u201cSisouan\u201d (1885), \u201cAyrarat\u201d (1890), and \u201cSisakan\u201d (1893)\u2024 These are eternal masterpieces in the treasury of Armenian studies. In these works, Alishan in detail described the mountains, rivers, lakes, gorges, and settlements of the historical regions of Armenia.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_53131\" style=\"width: 1210px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%B6-%D5%B8%D6%82-%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A8-%D5%82%D6%87%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A4-%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB-%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80%D6%84-%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%81-%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AE%D5%A1%D6%81-%D5%A3%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB%D6%81.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-53131\" class=\"wp-image-53131 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%B6-%D5%B8%D6%82-%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A8-%D5%82%D6%87%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A4-%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB-%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80%D6%84-%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%81-%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AE%D5%A1%D6%81-%D5%A3%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB%D6%81.jpg?resize=1200%2C591&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Ghevont Alishan\" width=\"1200\" height=\"591\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%B6-%D5%B8%D6%82-%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A8-%D5%82%D6%87%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A4-%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB-%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80%D6%84-%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%81-%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AE%D5%A1%D6%81-%D5%A3%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB%D6%81.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%B6-%D5%B8%D6%82-%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A8-%D5%82%D6%87%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A4-%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB-%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80%D6%84-%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%81-%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AE%D5%A1%D6%81-%D5%A3%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB%D6%81.jpg?resize=300%2C148&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%B6-%D5%B8%D6%82-%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A8-%D5%82%D6%87%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A4-%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB-%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80%D6%84-%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%81-%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AE%D5%A1%D6%81-%D5%A3%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB%D6%81.jpg?resize=1030%2C507&amp;ssl=1 1030w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%B6-%D5%B8%D6%82-%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A8-%D5%82%D6%87%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A4-%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB-%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80%D6%84-%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%81-%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AE%D5%A1%D6%81-%D5%A3%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB%D6%81.jpg?resize=768%2C378&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%B6-%D5%B8%D6%82-%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A8-%D5%82%D6%87%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A4-%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB-%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80%D6%84-%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%81-%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AE%D5%A1%D6%81-%D5%A3%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB%D6%81.jpg?resize=705%2C347&amp;ssl=1 705w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%B6-%D5%B8%D6%82-%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A8-%D5%82%D6%87%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A4-%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB-%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80%D6%84-%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%81-%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AE%D5%A1%D6%81-%D5%A3%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB%D6%81.jpg?resize=450%2C222&amp;ssl=1 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-53131\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">From Ghevont Alishan&#8217;s book, Daroink Castle and the Big Masis<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Starting from the 19th century, Russian and European researchers began to show an increasing interest in Armenia. In the second half of the 19th century, H. Lynch, F. Oswald, A. Ghukasov, and, of course, german geologist H. Abich played an important role in the scientific research of the Highland. Abich spent decades in the Armenian Highland and wrote many scientific works.<\/p>\n<h3>Otto Wilhelm Hermann von Abich<\/h3>\n<p>German geologist<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_53134\" style=\"width: 483px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/unnamed.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-53134\" class=\"wp-image-53134 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/unnamed.jpg?resize=473%2C512&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Hermann Abich\" width=\"473\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/unnamed.jpg?w=473&amp;ssl=1 473w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/unnamed.jpg?resize=277%2C300&amp;ssl=1 277w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/unnamed.jpg?resize=450%2C487&amp;ssl=1 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-53134\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hermann Abich, December 11, 1806 &#8211; July 1, 1886<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Full of biblical legends, Mount Masis has always attracted Christian pilgrims, travelers and natural scientists from around the world. The mountain attracted with its greatness and mysterious inaccessibility. The destructive earthquake in 1840 in Akori made the scientific world of European countries even more interested in Ararat. Many European geologists were interested in the geological processes taking place here, but the Russian Empire made the first steps in researching this region. On the advice of A. Humboldt, the engineers of the Russian Empire turned to H. Abich, who was already widely known in the scientific circles of Europe.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_30428\" style=\"width: 1210px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/IMG_9269.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-30428\" class=\"wp-image-30428 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/IMG_9269.jpg?resize=1200%2C800&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Akori\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-30428\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Akori, a cemetery in a historic village on the slope of Mount Masis<\/p><\/div>\n<p>In 1844, with the permission of the Russian Emperor Nicholas I, Abich went to Eastern Armenia, which at that time was part of the Russian Empire. In Armenia, Abich meets the Armenian Catholicos Nerses Ashtaraketsi, who introduces him to Khachatur Abovyan. Abovyan was to become a translator for Abich and accompany him to Mount Ararat. The first few attempts were unsuccessful. The expeditionary team does not manage to climb to the top of the Greater Masis, but in the end, they achieve their goal and start their research.<\/p>\n<h3>Scientific activities of Abich<\/h3>\n<p>The scientific activities of Abich in the Armenian Highland were very productive and multifaceted, they affected all areas of geology and physical geography. It is impossible to briefly describe the achievements of the great scientist, which are one of the greatest achievements not only for the Armenian Highland but also for the geological science of the whole world.<\/p>\n<p>He was one of the first scientists at the forefront of seismotectonics. His ideas about mountain building processes, earthquakes, volcanism were later studied and improved by his contemporaries and descendants.<\/p>\n<p>In 1882 in Vienna, the fundamental work of the already world-famous H. Abich, \u201cGeologie des Armenishen Hochlandes\u201d about the general geology of the Armenian Highland, was published. Thanks to his work, the world scientific community first learned about this huge physical and geographical unit.<\/p>\n<p>Although during the studies of Abich Armenia was not an independent country, the Armenians were the predominant ethnic element in the region, the culture was Armenian, the territory did not have clear borders, but it was called Armenia. H. Abich was the first to single out the highland as a separate physical and geographical unit, which is a \u201cmountain island\u201d surrounded by fragmented mountains. And it was logical that Abi\u0441h should have called the highland \u201cArmenian Highland\u201d. Please note that the terms Armenian Highland and Armenia are different from each other. Currently, Armenia makes up about 10% of the Armenian Highland. The rest of it is located in Turkey, Georgia, Iran, and Azerbaijan.<\/p>\n<h4>The term Armenian Highland as an independent unit<\/h4>\n<p>Thanks to Abich, the term Armenian Highland entered the wide scientific community as an independent unit and was adopted by world-famous scientists, geographers, and travelers of the 19-20 centuries, such as E. Suess, H. Lynch, F. Oswald, A. Voeykov, F. Levinson-Lessing, A. Leister, A. Reinhardten and others. Today, this term is used in all encyclopedias and geographical directories of the world.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_53385\" style=\"width: 1010px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%B6-%D5%B8%D6%82-%D5%8D%D5%AB%D6%83%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A8-%D5%80%E2%80%A4%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B9.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-53385\" class=\"size-full wp-image-53385\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%B6-%D5%B8%D6%82-%D5%8D%D5%AB%D6%83%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A8-%D5%80%E2%80%A4%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B9.jpg?resize=1000%2C429&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Manazkert and Sipan - H.Lynch\" width=\"1000\" height=\"429\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%B6-%D5%B8%D6%82-%D5%8D%D5%AB%D6%83%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A8-%D5%80%E2%80%A4%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B9.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%B6-%D5%B8%D6%82-%D5%8D%D5%AB%D6%83%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A8-%D5%80%E2%80%A4%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B9.jpg?resize=300%2C129&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%B6-%D5%B8%D6%82-%D5%8D%D5%AB%D6%83%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A8-%D5%80%E2%80%A4%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B9.jpg?resize=768%2C329&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%B6-%D5%B8%D6%82-%D5%8D%D5%AB%D6%83%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A8-%D5%80%E2%80%A4%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B9.jpg?resize=705%2C302&amp;ssl=1 705w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%B6-%D5%B8%D6%82-%D5%8D%D5%AB%D6%83%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A8-%D5%80%E2%80%A4%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B9.jpg?resize=450%2C193&amp;ssl=1 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-53385\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Manazkert and Sipan &#8211; H.Lynch<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&#8211; To understand Asia, we need to get to know Armenia better<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Henry Finnis Blosse Lynch<\/h3>\n<p>(April 18, 1862 &#8211; November 24, 1913)<\/p>\n<p>United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_53137\" style=\"width: 801px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/csm_Henry-Finnis-Blosse-Lynch_web_9038ef038d.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-53137\" class=\"size-full wp-image-53137\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/csm_Henry-Finnis-Blosse-Lynch_web_9038ef038d.jpg?resize=791%2C1200&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Henry Lynch\" width=\"791\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/csm_Henry-Finnis-Blosse-Lynch_web_9038ef038d.jpg?w=791&amp;ssl=1 791w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/csm_Henry-Finnis-Blosse-Lynch_web_9038ef038d.jpg?resize=198%2C300&amp;ssl=1 198w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/csm_Henry-Finnis-Blosse-Lynch_web_9038ef038d.jpg?resize=679%2C1030&amp;ssl=1 679w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/csm_Henry-Finnis-Blosse-Lynch_web_9038ef038d.jpg?resize=768%2C1165&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/csm_Henry-Finnis-Blosse-Lynch_web_9038ef038d.jpg?resize=465%2C705&amp;ssl=1 465w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/csm_Henry-Finnis-Blosse-Lynch_web_9038ef038d.jpg?resize=450%2C683&amp;ssl=1 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 791px) 100vw, 791px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-53137\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Henry Lynch<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Famous geographer, traveler, public and political figure, member of the Royal Geographical Society, member of the British Parliament from 1906 to 1910.<\/p>\n<p>Lynch visited Armenia twice, from August 1893 to March 1894 and from May to September 1898. Based on the materials collected during his travels, he wrote a work that gained wide popularity &#8211; \u201cArmenia: Traveling and Research\u201d (1901). It consisted of two volumes: \u201cRussian Armenia\u201d and \u201cTurkish Armenia\u201d. This work contains valuable information about the history, geography, demography, and folklore of Armenia.<\/p>\n<p>The big map of Armenia, which he created together with geologist and cartologist F. Oswald, has a great value.<\/p>\n<p>Of many maps of Armenian Highland Lynch\u2019s map is remarkable.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_53142\" style=\"width: 1210px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/linch.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-53142\" class=\"wp-image-53142 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/linch.jpg?resize=1200%2C688&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Lynch's map\" width=\"1200\" height=\"688\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/linch.jpg?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/linch.jpg?resize=300%2C172&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/linch.jpg?resize=1030%2C591&amp;ssl=1 1030w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/linch.jpg?resize=768%2C440&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/linch.jpg?resize=705%2C404&amp;ssl=1 705w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/linch.jpg?resize=450%2C258&amp;ssl=1 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-53142\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lynch&#8217;s map, 1910, Tbilisi \/ Armenian Highland<\/p><\/div>\n<h3>Felix Oswald<\/h3>\n<p>An English geologist, diplomat, Honorary Professor of the University of Nottingham Felix Oswald also took part in the Armenian scientific expedition of Lynch, in 1898. He studied the geological structure of the Armenian Highland in the section of Trabzon-Erzurum-Van. He published a geological schematic map of the Highland (1907). The results of the research of the Armenian Highland were first presented in the monumental work of Oswald &#8211; \u201cA Treatise on the Geology of Armenia\u201d (1906). Oswald&#8217;s detailed comments on the volcanic mountain ranges of Sipan and Nemrut are especially valuable.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Oswald-Felix-1906-A-Treatise-on-the-Geology-of-Armenia.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-53148 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Oswald-Felix-1906-A-Treatise-on-the-Geology-of-Armenia.jpg?resize=1500%2C904&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Felix Oswald\" width=\"1500\" height=\"904\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Oswald-Felix-1906-A-Treatise-on-the-Geology-of-Armenia.jpg?w=1816&amp;ssl=1 1816w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Oswald-Felix-1906-A-Treatise-on-the-Geology-of-Armenia.jpg?resize=300%2C181&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Oswald-Felix-1906-A-Treatise-on-the-Geology-of-Armenia.jpg?resize=1030%2C620&amp;ssl=1 1030w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Oswald-Felix-1906-A-Treatise-on-the-Geology-of-Armenia.jpg?resize=768%2C463&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Oswald-Felix-1906-A-Treatise-on-the-Geology-of-Armenia.jpg?resize=1536%2C925&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Oswald-Felix-1906-A-Treatise-on-the-Geology-of-Armenia.jpg?resize=1500%2C904&amp;ssl=1 1500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Oswald-Felix-1906-A-Treatise-on-the-Geology-of-Armenia.jpg?resize=705%2C425&amp;ssl=1 705w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Oswald-Felix-1906-A-Treatise-on-the-Geology-of-Armenia.jpg?resize=450%2C271&amp;ssl=1 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Oswald later published the work \u201cOn the History of the Tectonic Development of the Armenian Highland\u201d in German (1910). In 1912, his monograph \u201cArmenia\u201d was published in English in a series of \u201cRegional Geological Reference Books\u201d.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_53145\" style=\"width: 1610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/4170.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-53145\" class=\"size-full wp-image-53145\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/4170.jpg?resize=1500%2C844&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Felix Oswald\" width=\"1500\" height=\"844\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/4170.jpg?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/4170.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/4170.jpg?resize=1030%2C579&amp;ssl=1 1030w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/4170.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/4170.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/4170.jpg?resize=1500%2C844&amp;ssl=1 1500w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/4170.jpg?resize=705%2C397&amp;ssl=1 705w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.armgeo.am\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/4170.jpg?resize=450%2C253&amp;ssl=1 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-53145\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Felix Oswald<\/p><\/div>\n<p>In the 20th century, more and more historians and geographers began to write about the Armenian Highland. Among them: Leo, Dolens, A. Khach, A. Ghanalanyan, S. Yeremyan, T. Hakobyan, S. Melik-Bakhshyan, S. Balyan, L. Zohrabyan, A. Baghdasaryan, A. Voskanyan, H. Gabrielyan, Kh. Nazaryan, G. Shirinyan, and others.<\/p>\n\n<p><em>Article by Tigran Varag<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em style=\"font-weight: inherit;\">The copyright of this article is owned by armgeo.am. The content of the article may be cited or used on other websites only with an active link to the source.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<h2>Armenian Highland<\/h2>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the article \u201cArmenia on ancient maps\u201d we\u2019ve already shown that this region has always been called Armenia, even when it was conquered by foreigners. Meanwhile, the term Armenia and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":53591,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[313,266],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53577","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-armenian-highland-en","category-266"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - 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